UDC 332.2 

The evolution of relations in the system «Society-nature»

Ignatieva M. N.

The article discusses the phasing of changes in relationships in the system «society-nature», the essence of each stage. Nature of relationships is linked to the specifics of current models of economic development, «before-agrarian economy», agrarian economy, frontal or cowboy economy, model of «environmental protection» and sustainable development. If on the early stages the impact of human activities do not exceed the limits, within the limits of cowboy model the realization of the concept of human omnipotence leads to local and subsequently regional environmental disasters. Awareness of the dangers of global environmental impacts determines the increase of an aspect of ecocentricity and the emergence of such ecological and economic models as «environmental protection» and «sustainable development». The article discusses the most effective tools for its implementation, which find application in the real practice of the nature-using: the socio-economic approach to the development of natural resources and, consequently, socioeconomic assessment; the comparison of technogenesis (technosphere environmental capacity) with capacity of natural systems (environmental technology-intensive), which ensures the equilibrium of nature-using; ecosystem-oriented approach to prevent the destruction of the living natural potential, based on biodiversity; an integrated approach to environmental management, based on geo-eko-socio-economic and ecosystem approach.

Keywords: stages; relationships; nature; society; economic development; equilibrium nature.