DOI: dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2016-2-19-24
Suprasalt complex of the south-western part of the Caspian Depression - a promising object of hydrocarbons prospecting pdf
A. N. Barmin, N. F. Fedorova, I. V. Bystrova
The subject of research are suprasalt deposits of the sedimentary cover of the southwestern part of the Caspian Depression. The main tectonic events of this region in the Alpine orogeny phase relate to the formation of salt structures in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks. Hence, salt tectonics determine the structure of salt and suprasalt structural complexes. Suprasalt structural complex consists of two structural floors. The lower of these (Upper-Eocene) fills interdome compensation basins, the upper (Miocene-Quaternary) is generally characterized by cloak shaped bedding. The main volume of interdome basins is filled with the Upper-Middle Jurassic deposits, which are leaning against relatively steep slopes of salt domes and flatten out to the centers of basins. Suprasalt complex is well studied in Astrakhan’ arch, where the depth of basins interdome reaches 3000 m. The marks on the base of the Upper Cretaceous carbonates therein range from minus 1200 to minus 2000 m. Above the salt domes in some places persist thin (up to 300–100 m) deposits of Permo-Triassic, Jurassic and lower Cretaceous. The base of the Lower Cretaceous of the salt domes rises to marks of minus 800–1000 m and carbonates of the Upper Cretaceous to minus 500–700 m. Caspian basin is one of the most important oil and gas regions, which has enormous potential resources of hydrocarbons. Influence of tectonic and paleotectonic factors on the formation of oil deposits and gas of Caspian depression took place under favorable combination of lithofacial, geochemical, hydrogeological, and thermobaric conditions that control oil and gas formation and oil and gas accumulation in sedimentary basins. The goal was to identify and trace the regional oil and gas complexes of the suprasalt section within the southwestern part of the Caspian Depression. Within this depression borders, there are the Upper-Triassic, Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous oil and gas complexes, which are associated with the main productive horizons in the southwestern, southeastern and eastern parts of Caspian depression. The paper gives a full description of all the deposits and oil and gas producing complexes. In the Mesozoic complex of the studied region, authors trace the regional oil and gas complexes, various by the nature of saturation, characteristics of structure and the depths of their occurrence. Search for hydrocarbons in suprasalt complex of southwestern part of the Caspian Depression is currently very relevant. The deposits occur at affordable depths and have a wide variety of different types of oil and gas traps.
Keywords: Caspian depression; suprasalt deposits; oil and gas complexes; hydrocarbon deposits.
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