The role of the paleontological aspects to determine the hydrocarbon potential of the North-Western Caspian post-salt complexI. V. Bystrova, T. S. Smirnova, D. A. Bychkova, M. S. Melikhov |
 |
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/2307-2091-2018-2-26-34
I. V. Bystrova et al. / News of the Ural State Mining University 2 (2018) 26-34
Relevance of the work. The Northwest Caspian Sea region has a high oil and gas resource potential. The discovery of a number of hydrocarbon deposits in recent decades is an important factor confirming the prospects of the territory in terms of oil and gas. The urgency of applying new methods of research to open the deposits of hydrocarbons is shown. In particular, the paleontological method is one of the most topical. The study of the organic world on the evolutionary basis allows substantiating the prospects of oil-and-gas content of the North-West Caspian Sea at the scientific level. The regional characteristics of paleotectonic development should definitely be taken into account. For these purposes, it is necessary to determine the dominant components of the organic world from bacteria to highly developed organisms that have developed throughout the geological time. In this regard, it is necessary to develop and identify the dialectical unity between paleotectonics and paleontology, which will reveal the laws of formation and placement of oil and gas deposits.
The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the prospects of oil and gas potential and increase the forecast of the Mesozoic complex of the North-West Caspian Sea. The influence of paleotectonic and paleontological factors should be taken into account.
The methodology of the study. The study of the oil and gas deposits placement on the basis of the identification of the paleontological method’s role in determining the petroleum potential of the area. Analysis of material containing fossil remains of extinct organisms is one of the methods of the present research.
Results. The authors conducted long-term paleotectonic studies in the North-Western Caspian region, which allowed identifying a number of anticline rises at the local and regional level. In 1976 at one of these uplifts (Astrakhan vault) was opened at the unique fluid composition and the largest in size Astrakhan derogatories deposit. This confirmed the prospects of the territory in terms of oil and gas. The authors analyze the complex process of formation of hydrocarbons and their deposits. The basic causes and patterns that determine the concentration of gases in the sediments have been revealed. It is determined that higher concentrations are inherent to rocks of clay composition. The sapropelic differences of the organic matter are characteristic of subaqueous sediments. Their accumulation occurs under the conditions of maximum isolation from the influence of land. As a result of the carried-out works samples of rocks (core material) which processing was carried out on the basis Nizhne-Volzhsky research Institute of Geology and Geophysics in Saratov were selected. The presence of organic residues and their degree of preservation were determined. These indicators are good indicators of sedimentation conditions and can be used in the search for oil and gas deposits.
Summary. Long-term studies of the North-Western Caspian region based on the paleotectonic analysis and the use of the results of paleontological studies at the stage of detection and preparation of objects for exploratory drilling have been carried out. They allow not only studying the processes of formation of traps and associated hydrocarbon deposits. They also make it possible to ultimately assess the prospects of oil-and-gas content.
Keywords: paleotectonics; paleontology; North-Western Caspian region; hydrocarbons; organic matter; biosphere; petroleum; offshore area; the coastal area.
REFERENCES
1. Anisimov L. A., Delia S. V. 2015, K voprosu o perspektivakh neftegazonosnosti nadsolevogo kompleksa zapadnoy chasti Prikaspiyskoy vpadiny [The prospects of the post-salt complex of the Western part of the Caspian depression]. Nedra Povolzhia i Prikaspiya [Volga and Pricaspian region resources], vol. 84, pp. 35–46.
2. Kononov Yu. S. 2017, Osobennosti neftepoiskovykh rabot v nadsolevykh otlozheniyakh Prikaspiya [Peculiarities of oil exploration activities in the post-salt sediments of the Caspian Sea]. Nedra Povolzhia i Prikaspiya [Volga and Pricaspian region resources], vol. 91, pp. 40–49.
3. Voronin N. I. 1988, Paleotektonicheskiye kriterii prognoza i poiska zalezhey nefti i gaza na drevnikh i molodykh platformakh (na primere Prikaspiyskoy vpadiny i prilegayushchikh rayonov Skifsko-Turanskoy platformy). Dis. d-ra geol.-mineral. nauk [Paleotectonic criteria of oil and gas deposits forecast and search on ancient and young platforms (on the example of the Caspian basin and adjacent areas of the Scythian-Turanplatform): dissertation of the Doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences]. Moscow, 288 p.
4. Voronin N. I. 2004, Osobennosti geologicheskogo stroyeniya i neftegazonosnost’ yugo-zapadnoy chasti Prikaspiyskoy vpadiny [Peculiarities of the geological structure and oil and gas potential of the southwestern part of the Caspian depression]. Astrakhan', 163 p.
5. Bystrova I. V., Fedorova N. F., Smirnova T. S. 2008, Paleostrukturnyye preobrazovaniya Severo-Zapadnogo Prikaspiya v rannemelovoye vremya [Paleostructural transformations of the northwestern Caspian sea in early Cretaceous time]. Geologiya, geografiya i global'naya energiya [Geology, geography and global energy], no. 4, pp. 26–30.
6. Bystrova I. V., Smirnova T. S., Fedorova N. F., Mangaladze R. T. 2017, Osobennosti paleotektonicheskogo razvitiya Astrakhanskogo svoda i perspektivy neftegazonosnosti zapadnoy chasti Prikaspiyskoy vpadiny [Features of the paleotectonic development of the Astrakhan arch and prospects of oil and gas potential in the Western Caspian basin]. Geologiya, geografiya i global'naya energiya [Geology, geography and global energy], no. 3 (66), pp. 77–86.
7. Rasnitsyn A. P. 2014, Evolyutsionnaya teoriya: sovremennyy etap [The theory of evolution: the modern stage]. Paleontologicheskiy zhurnal [Paleontological Journal], no. 1, pp. 3–8.
8. Gubkin I. M. 1975, Ucheniye o nefti [The doctrine of oil]. Moscow, 385 p.
9. 2009, Issledovaniya po paleontologii i biostratigrafii drevnikh kontinental’nykh otlozheniy pamyati professora V. G. Ocheva: sb. nauch. statey [Research on paleontology and biostratigraphy of ancient continental deposits in the memory of Professor V. G. Ochev: a collection of articles]. Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. N. G. Chernyshevskogo. Geologicheskiy fakul'tet; pod red. M. A. Shishkina i V. P. Tverdokhlebova [Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky, Department of Geology; edited by M. A. Shishkin and V. P. Tverdokhlebov]. Saratov, 216 p.
10. Bluman B. A. 2015, Evolyutsiya sobytiy v istorii razvitiya Zemli ot 4.5 do 0.9 milliardov let [Evolution of events in the history of the Earth from 4.5 to 0.9 billion years]. Saint Petersburg, 309 p.
11. Li Z. 2017, Research frontiers of fluid-rock interaction and oil-gas formation in deep-buried basins. Bulletin of mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, vol. 35, pp. 807–816.
12. Mi J., Zhang S., Chen J. et al. 2015, Upper thermal maturity limit for gas generation from humic coal. International Journal of Coal Geology,vol. 152, pp. 123–131.
13. Vernadsky V. I. 1994, Zhivoye veshchestvo i biosfera [Living matter and the biosphere]. Moscow, 320 p.
14. Akishina O. V., Silantyev V. V. 2018, K paleontologicheskoy kharakteristike nizhnego triasa Skifskoy plity [The paleontological characteristic of the lower Triassic of the Scythian plate]. Paleostrat-2018: nauch. konf. sektsii paleontologii MOIP i Moskov. otd-niya Paleontolog. o-va pri RAN (Moskva. 29–31 yanv. 2018 g.) [Paleostrat-2018: a scientific conference of the paleontology section in the Moscow society of Nature Explorers and the Moscow Department of the Paleontological society under the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, January 29–31, 2018)]. Moscow, 64 p.
15. Ustinova M. A. 2018, Biostratigrafiya verkhneyurskikh otlozheniy Astrakhanskogo gazokondensatnogo mestorozhdeniya po foraminiferam [Biostratigraphy of upper Jurassic deposits of Astrakhan gas condensate deposit by foraminifera]. Paleostrat-2018: nauch. konf. sektsii paleontologii MOIP i Moskov. otd-niya Paleontolog. o-va pri RAN (Moskva. 29–31 yanv. 2018 g.) [Paleostrat-2018: a scientific conference of the paleontology section in the Moscow society of Nature Explorers and the Moscow Department of the Paleontological society under the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, January 29–31, 2018)]. Moscow, 64 p.
16. Okparanma R. N., Mouazen A. M. 2013, Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in soils: a review of spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 458–486.
17. Pepper A. S., Corvi P. J. 2015, Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation. Part I. Оil and gas generation from kerogen. Marine and Petroleum Geology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 291–319.
18. Trofimov V. A. 2014, Glubinnoye stroyeniye yugo-vostochnoy chasti Vostochno-Evropeyskoy platformy [Deep structure of the South-Eastern part of the East European craton]. Geotektonika [Geotectonics], no. 3, pp. 3–15.
19. Kontorovich A. E., Ponomaryova E. V., Burshtein L. M., Glinskikh V. N., Kim N. S., Kostyreva E. A., Pavlova M. A. Rodchenko, A. P., Yan P. A . 2018, Raspredeleniye organicheskogo veshchestva v porodakh bazhenovskogo gorizonta (Zapadnaya Sibir’) [The Distribution of organic matter in rocks of the Bazhenov horizon (West Siberia)]. Geologiya i geofizika [Russian Geology and Geophysics], no. 3, pp. 357–371.
20. Makarova N. V., Sukhanova T. V. 2017, Aktual’nyye problemy izucheniya noveyshikh platformennykh struktur (na primere Vostochno-Evropeyskoy platformy i prilezhashchey chasti Skifskoy plity) [Topical problems of studying the latest platform structures (on the example of the East European platform and the adjacent part of the Scythian plate)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 4. Geologiya [Moscow University Geology Bulletin], no. 3, pp. 17–26.
21. Vishnevskaya V. S., Kopayevich L. F., Ben’yamowsky V. N., Ovechkina M. N. 2018, Korrelyatsiya verkhnemelovykh zonalnykh skhem Vostochno-Evropeyskoy platformy po foraminiferam, radiolyariyam i nanoplanktonu [Correlation of upper Cretaceous zonal schemes of the East European platform based on foraminifers, radiolarians and nanoplankton]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 4. Geologiya [Moscow University Geology Bulletin], no. 1, p. 26–35.
